Recent publications in AI in medicine

We are pleased to present a curated selection of our recent publications in the field of AI in medicine, highlighting our latest research, innovations, and contributions to advancing healthcare through intelligent technologies.

Towards Interpretable Radiology Report Generation via Concept Bottlenecks Using a Multi-agentic RAG

CBM-RAG: Demonstrating Enhanced Interpretability in Radiology Report Generation with Multi-Agent RAG and Concept Bottleneck Models

Explainable Biomedical Claim Verification with Large Language Models

FunduScope: A Human-centered Tool for ML-assisted e-Learning in Ophthalmology

An AI-driven Clinical Decision Support System for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-related Macular Degeneration

Towards Trustable Clinical Decision Support Systems: A User Study with Ophthalmologists

Deep Learning for Ophthalmology – The State-of-the-Art and Future Trends

MGPATH: Vision-Language Model with Multi-Granular Prompt Learning for Few-Shot WSI Classification

Paper accepted for publication in Medical Image Analysis Journal

We are happy to announce that our work “TATL: Task Agnostic Transfer Learning for Skin Attributes Detection” has been accepted at the prestigious journal “Medical Image Analysis”. It’s a collaboration between DFKI, MPI, University of California (Berkeley) and Oldenburg University among others.    

Existing skin attributes detection methods usually initialize with a pre-trained Imagenet network and then fine-tune on a medical target task. However, we argue that such approaches are suboptimal because medical datasets are largely different from ImageNet and often contain limited training samples. 

In this work, we propose Task Agnostic Transfer Learning (TATL), a novel framework motivated by dermatologists’ behaviors in the skincare context. Our method learns an attribute-agnostic segmenter that detects lesion skin regions and then transfers this knowledge to a set of attribute-specific classifiers to detect each particular attribute. Since TATL’s attribute-agnostic segmenter only detects skin attribute regions, it makes use of ample data from all attributes, allows transferring knowledge among features, and compensates for the lack of training data from rare attributes. The empirical results show that TATL not only works well with multiple architectures but also can achieve state-of-the-art performances while enjoying minimal model and computational complexities (30-50 times less than the number of parameters). We also provide theoretical insights and explanations for why our transfer learning framework performs well in practice.

The figure below demonstrates the usefulness of TATL when predicted lesion skin regions (predicted union) could cover both large regions as in Pigment Network and small disconnected regions as in Negative Network.

Projects: pAItient (BMG), Ophthalmo-AI (BMBF)

Assessing Cognitive Test Performance Using Automatic Digital Pen Features Analysis at UMAP’21

Double or nothing – Alexander Prange will present a paper on “Assessing Cognitive Test Performance Using Automatic Digital Pen Features Analysis” at this year’s ACM UMAP conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. In contrast to the paper presented at this year’s CHI, we analyze cognitive assessments solely based on digital pen features, without additional content analysis.

German Standardization Roadmap AI

The German Standardization Roadmap Artificial Intelligence has been published recently in November 2020. In medicine, secure framework conditions have to be created; and the legal context, economy, technical aspects, acceptance, privacy, data security, and ethical aspects have to be taken into account.

In the pAItient project, where DFKI is responsible for secure framework conditions of AI systems, we have now published our first paper that explicitely addresses these aspects and standardisation needs of image preprocessing guidelines which are naturally subject to GDPR and DSGVO.

Tomorrow, “The effects of masking in melanoma image classification with CNNs towards international standards for image preprocessing” will be presented at EAI MedAI 2020 – the International Symposium on Medical Artificial Intelligence.

KI-Para-Mi Kick-off

KI-Para-Mi: Kick-off of the KI-Para-Mi Project (BMBF) as webinar in Munich and Saarbrücken. In KI-Para-Mi, we develop an intelligent personnel planning system for flexible shift scheduling in nursing, which above all takes into account the interests of the employees.